<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> as of May 1994, members of the Bosnian Serb armed factions, desirous of establishing a separate state linked with neighboring Serbia, occupied 70% of Bosnia after having killed or driven out non-Serb inhabitants; the Bosnian Croats, occupied and declared an independent state in an additional 10% of Bosnia in 1993, but in March 1994, this faction and the Bosnian Government settled their dispute and entered into a bicommunal Federation; a Bosnian Government army commander who opposes the leadership of Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC is leading an insurrection in the government-held enclave of Bihac
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> mountains and valleys
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 25%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 36%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 17%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> NA sq km
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Air Pollution, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection